Shifting is the abbreviation of "shift lever operation method", which refers to the operation process in which the driver continuously changes the position of the shift lever with the road conditions and the speed of the vehicle through various psychological and physiological movements. In the long-term driving process, it has been passed down by people because of its concise and direct name. The frequency of use is very high. And how skilled the operation (especially the manual transmission car) directly affects the safety of people's driving.
The so-called "shift lever operation method" is limited to the "shift lever" itself; while shifting not only includes the "shift lever operation method", but more importantly, on the premise of achieving the target (shift), including vehicle speed estimation, etc. All psychological and physiological behavioral processes, including aspects.
The technical requirements for gear shifting can be summed up in eight words: timely, correct, stable and rapid.
Timely: Master the appropriate shifting timing, that is, you should not increase the gear too early, nor should you reduce the gear too late.
Correct: The clutch pedal, accelerator pedal and gear lever should be matched correctly and coordinated, and their positions should be accurate.
Stable: After shifting into a new gear, release the clutch pedal in a timely and stable manner.
Quick: The action should be quick to shorten the shift time, reduce the loss of kinetic energy of the car, and reduce the consumption of fuel.
operate
block
(1) The essentials of adding block. Before the car increases gear, according to the road and traffic conditions, step on the accelerator pedal steadily and gradually increase the speed of the car. This process is called "rushing the car". When the speed of the vehicle is suitable for shifting to a higher gear, immediately lift the accelerator pedal, step on the clutch pedal, and shift the gear lever to a higher gear; Ride smoothly. According to the situation, use the same method to shift to a higher gear. The key to a smooth increase is the size of the "rushing car". The "rushing car" distance should be determined according to the level of the added gear. The higher the gear, the longer the "rushing car" distance. When "rushing", the accelerator pedal should be pedaled steadily, and the medium speed should be raised quickly. When the gear is upshifted, after shifting into a higher gear, the clutch pedal should be quickly raised to the semi-linked position. It should be stopped for a while and then lifted slowly to make the power transfer smoothly and avoid causing the vehicle to "rush forward" after shifting.
(2) Timing of increase. When the car is driving, as long as the road conditions and traffic conditions permit, it should be shifted to a higher gear in time. Before increasing the gear, you must accelerate the "rushing car" to ensure that there is enough power to keep the car running smoothly after the shifting. If the "rush" (vehicle speed) is too small (low), it will cause insufficient power and jitter after shifting; if the "rush" time is too long, the engine will run at high speed for a long time, which will increase the wear and tear and reduce the economy. Therefore, the "rushing car" should be appropriate, and the gear should be added in time. The timing of the gear should be determined according to the engine sound, speed and power. If you step on the accelerator pedal after shifting, the engine speed drops and the power is insufficient, it means that the timing of shifting is too early.
Operation sequence: add low gear to high gear, properly flush the car oil to keep up; one step to pick up the second step to hang, and three lift to refuel.
Action points: rush the car to accelerate to hear the sound, step on the clutch and pick neutral; wait until the sound of oil is heard, then step on the clutch and add a gear.
downshift
(1) Gear reduction essentials. Release the accelerator pedal, step on the clutch pedal quickly, move the gear lever into neutral, then release the clutch pedal, quickly step on the accelerator pedal with your right foot (add "empty oil"), then quickly step on the clutch pedal, move the gear lever to a lower level Gear, press the fast-stop-slow method to release the clutch pedal, so that the car continues to drive in the new gear.
(2) Downshift timing. During driving, when you feel that the engine power is insufficient and the speed of the vehicle gradually decreases, it means that the original gear can no longer maintain the normal driving of the car, and you should change to a lower gear in time and quickly. If the speed is significantly reduced, you can skip downshift.
Operation sequence: reduce to low gear when you reach the gear, don't panic when you see the speed of the car; one step picks up the second lift, and the third step shifts the oil to keep up.
Action points: pick up the accelerator and pick neutral, and empty the fuel according to the speed of the vehicle; while the sound of fuel does not disappear, press the clutch and switch to a low gear.
manual shift
For a manual transmission car, the importance of the clutch cannot be ignored in order to drive freely. When driving, do not step on the clutch or put your foot on the clutch pedal at all times, except when the car starts, shifts and brakes at low speed, you need to step on the clutch pedal.
Correct operation at start. The operation essentials of the clutch pedal when starting is "one fast, two slow, three linkage". That is, when the pedal is lifted, it is lifted quickly; when the clutch appears semi-linked (the sound of the engine changes at this time), the speed of the pedal lifting is slightly slower; from the linkage to the complete combination, the pedal is slowly lifted in the clutch. While the pedal is raised, gradually depress the accelerator pedal according to the resistance of the engine, so that the car starts smoothly.
Correct operation when shifting gears. When shifting gears while driving, the clutch pedal should be quickly stepped on and lifted, and there should be no semi-linkage phenomenon, otherwise, the wear of the clutch will be accelerated. In addition, pay attention to the cooperation with the throttle when operating. In order to make the gear shifting smooth and reduce the wear of the transmission shifting mechanism and clutch, the "two-leg clutch shifting method" is advocated. Although this method is more complicated to operate, it is a good way to save money by driving.
Proper use when braking. In the driving of the car, in addition to the low-speed braking to stop the clutch pedal, try not to depress the clutch pedal when braking under other conditions.
The manual transmission control is relatively complicated, and there are some skills and tips. In pursuit of power, the key is to grasp the timing of shifting and let the car speed up powerfully. Theoretically speaking, when the general engine is close to the peak torque, the acceleration is the most refreshing.
automatic car shift
The automatic gear shift is controlled by the computer, and the operation is simple.
1. When driving on a straight road, generally use the "D" gear. If you are driving on a crowded road in the urban area, switch to the 3rd gear to obtain stronger power.
2. Master the left foot auxiliary control brake. If you want to drive up a short slope before entering the parking space, you can control the accelerator with your right foot, and step on the brake with your left foot to control the vehicle to move forward slowly to avoid rear-end collision.
The gear selector of the automatic transmission is equivalent to the gear lever of the manual transmission. Generally, there are the following gears: P (parking), R (reverse gear), N (neutral), D (forward), S (or2, which is 2). gear), L (or1, that is, the 1st gear). The correct use of these gears is especially important for those who drive an automatic transmission car. After starting a vehicle with an automatic transmission, if you want to maintain better acceleration performance, you can always maintain a large accelerator opening, and the automatic transmission will Move up into a higher gear at higher speeds; if you want a smooth ride, you can lightly lift the gas pedal at the right moment and the transmission will automatically upshift. Keeping the engine revs lower at the same speed results in better economy and a quieter ride. At this time, lightly press the accelerator pedal to continue accelerating, and the transmission will not return to the original gear immediately. This is the advance upshift and lag downshift functions designed by the designer to prevent frequent shifting. Understand this truth, you can enjoy the driving pleasure brought by the automatic transmission as you like.
economy
Taking an Audi car as an example, when driving at a constant speed of 40 kilometers and 100 kilometers per hour, the engine speed is generally 1800-2000 rpm, and it will rise to about 3000 rpm during rapid acceleration. Therefore, it can be considered that 2000 rpm is an economical speed, which can be used as a reference for manual transmission.
Comparative observation, 1.8 and 1.8T manual transmission cars drive very briskly at this speed in each gear when the engine is 2000 rpm. Owners who hope to save fuel can shift gears around 2000 rpm, while those who pursue power can properly delay shifting.
