The front receives the impact force, which is distributed by the front bumper to the energy absorption boxes on both sides and then transmitted to the left and right front rail, and then to the rest of the body structure.
The rear is affected by the impact force, and the impact force is transmitted by the rear bumper to the energy absorption box on both sides, to the left and right rear rail, and then to other body structures.
Low-strength impact bumpers can cope with the impact, while high-strength impact bumpers play the role of force transmission, dispersion and buffering, and finally transfer to other structures of the body, and then rely on the strength of the body structure to resist.
America does not regard bumper as a safety configuration: IIHS in America does not regard bumper as a safety configuration, but as an accessory to reduce the loss of low-speed collision. Therefore, the testing of bumper is also based on the concept of how to reduce the loss and maintenance cost. There are four types of IIHS bumper crash tests, which are front and rear frontal crash tests (speed 10km/h) and front and rear side crash tests (speed 5km/h).
