Product classification and material angle division
From the perspective of producing damping materials, shock absorbers mainly include hydraulic and pneumatic shock absorbers, as well as variable damping shock absorbers.
Hydraulic type
Hydraulic shock absorber is widely used in automobile suspension system. The principle is that when the frame and axle move back and forth and the piston moves back and forth in the cylinder barrel of the shock absorber, the oil in the shock absorber housing will repeatedly flow from the inner cavity through some narrow pores into another inner cavity. At this time, the friction between the liquid and the inner wall and the internal friction of liquid molecules form a damping force to the vibration.
Inflatable
Inflatable shock absorber is a new type of shock absorber developed since 1960s. The utility model is characterized in that a floating piston is installed at the lower part of the cylinder barrel, and a closed gas chamber formed by the floating piston and one end of the cylinder barrel is filled with high-pressure nitrogen. A large section O-ring is installed on the floating piston, which completely separates oil and gas. The working piston is equipped with a compression valve and an extension valve which change the cross-sectional area of the channel with its moving speed. When the wheel jumps up and down, the working piston of the shock absorber moves back and forth in the oil fluid, resulting in an oil pressure difference between the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the working piston, and the pressure oil will push open the compression valve and extension valve and flow back and forth. As the valve produces large damping force to the pressure oil, the vibration is attenuated.
Structural angle division
The structure of the shock absorber is that the piston rod with piston is inserted into the cylinder and the cylinder is filled with oil. The piston has an orifice so that the oil in the two parts of the space separated by the piston can supplement each other. Damping is generated when viscous oil passes through the orifice. The smaller the orifice, the greater the damping force, the greater the viscosity of oil and the greater the damping force. If the orifice size remains unchanged, when the shock absorber works fast, excessive damping will affect the absorption of impact. Therefore, a disc-shaped leaf spring valve is set at the outlet of the orifice. When the pressure increases, the valve is pushed open, the opening of the orifice increases and the damping decreases. Because the piston moves in two directions, leaf spring valves are installed on both sides of the piston, which are called compression valve and extension valve respectively.
According to its structure, the shock absorber is divided into single cylinder and double cylinder. It can be further divided into: 1 Single cylinder pneumatic shock absorber; 2. Double cylinder oil pressure shock absorber; 3. Double cylinder hydro pneumatic shock absorber.
Double barrel
It means that the shock absorber has two inner and outer cylinders, and the piston moves in the inner cylinder. Due to the entry and extraction of the piston rod, the volume of oil in the inner cylinder increases and shrinks. Therefore, the oil balance in the inner cylinder should be maintained by exchanging with the outer cylinder. Therefore, there should be four valves in the double cylinder shock absorber, that is, in addition to the two throttle valves on the piston mentioned above, there are also flow valves and compensation valves installed between the inner and outer cylinders to complete the exchange function.
Single barrel type
Compared with the double cylinder shock absorber, the single cylinder shock absorber has simple structure and reduces a set of valve system. A floating piston is installed at the lower part of the cylinder barrel (the so-called floating means that there is no piston rod to control its movement). A closed air chamber is formed under the floating piston and filled with high-pressure nitrogen. The above-mentioned change in liquid level caused by the oil in and out of the piston rod is automatically adapted by the floating of the floating piston. Except above
