The function of a car oil filter element
Oil filter, also known as oil strainer. It is used to remove impurities such as dust, metal particles, carbon deposits and soot particles from engine oil, protecting the engine.
Oil filters can be classified into full-flow and cross-flow types. The full-flow filter is connected in series between the oil pump and the main oil passage, thus capable of filtering all the lubricating oil entering the main oil passage. The diverter cleaner is connected in parallel with the main oil passage and only filters part of the lubricating oil sent out by the oil pump.
During the operation of the engine, metal shavings, dust, carbon deposits oxidized at high temperatures, gel-like precipitates, water and other substances are constantly mixed into the lubricating oil. The function of the oil filter is to filter out these mechanical impurities and gums, keep the lubricating oil clean and extend its service life. The oil filter should have strong filtering capacity, low flow resistance and long service life. In a general lubrication system, several filters with different filtration capabilities are installed - the strainer, the coarse filter and the fine filter - which are respectively connected in parallel or series in the main oil passage. The one connected in series with the main oil passage is called a full-flow filter, through which all the lubricating oil is filtered during engine operation; the one connected in parallel with it is called a split-flow filter. Among them, the coarse filter is connected in series in the main oil passage and is of full flow type. The fine filter is connected in parallel in the main oil passage and is of the split type. Modern car engines generally only have a strainer and a full-flow oil filter. The coarse filter removes impurities with a particle size of 0.05mm or more from the engine oil, while the fine filter is used to remove fine impurities with a particle size of 0.001mm or more.
The core function of a car oil filter element is to filter impurities in the engine oil and protect the engine lubrication system. Its working principle is mainly achieved through filter paper filtration and bypass valve mechanisms.
Filtering function
The oil filter element intercepts impurities such as metal particles, dust and carbon deposits in the engine oil through multiple layers of filter paper (such as microporous filter paper), preventing them from entering the engine interior and causing wear.
Bypass valve mechanism
When the filter element is clogged by impurities, causing abnormal oil pressure, the built-in bypass valve will automatically open, allowing unfiltered engine oil to directly flow back to the engine, thus avoiding lubrication failure due to insufficient oil pressure. However, at this point, the engine oil may carry filtered impurities, causing secondary wear.
Classification and Design
Full-flow filter element: Connected in series between the oil pump and the main oil passage, it filters all the engine oil.
Split-flow filter element: Connected in parallel to the main oil passage, it only filters part of the engine oil.
A malfunction of the car oil filter element may cause problems such as decreased oil pressure, abnormal engine noise, and weakened power . It is necessary to check and replace it in a timely manner.
Common fault phenomena
A drop in oil pressure: A clogged or damaged filter element can cause insufficient oil supply from the oil pump, triggering the oil light alarm.
Abnormal engine noise: Poor lubrication may cause abnormal wear of components such as the crankshaft and connecting rod bearing shells, generating metallic friction sounds.
Weakened power: Poor fuel supply causes the engine power to drop, which is manifested as weak driving or jerky gear shifting.
Cause of malfunction
Blockage: Accumulation of impurities or aging of filter paper causes obstruction of the oil passage.
Installation issues: Aging of the sealing ring, mismatched threads or excessive tightening torque can cause oil leakage or damage to the shell.
Improper selection of engine oil: Viscosity mismatch or inferior engine oil aggravates the clogging of the filter element.
Solution
Cleaning or replacement: Regularly replace the filter element (recommended every 5,000 to 10,000 kilometers) and clean the impurities in the oil pan.
Check the sealing performance: Replace the aged sealing ring and ensure that the installation torque meets the standard.
Engine oil matching: Select the appropriate engine oil type according to the vehicle manual.
preventive measure
Avoid frequent short-distance starts and stops to reduce the impact of cold starts on the filter element.
Use original factory or certified brand filter elements to avoid poor filtration effect of counterfeit products.
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