The function of the front windshield wiper assembly of the car
The front windshield wiper assembly of a car is a key device that removes rain, snow, and debris from the windshield to ensure the driver has a clear view.
Core Function: It is driven by an electric motor through a reducer and a four-bar linkage mechanism, which in turn drives the wiper arm and wiper blade to swing back and forth, effectively removing rain, snow, dust, and other adhering substances from the windshield, ensuring driving safety.
System Composition: It is mainly composed of an electric motor, a reducer, a four-bar linkage mechanism, a wiper arm, and a wiper blade. Some models also integrate a washing pump, a water storage tank, and a nozzle to achieve simultaneous water spraying and scraping functions.
Technical Features: Modern front windshield wiper assemblies focus on motor efficiency, durability, and compatibility with the vehicle's electronic systems. They also evolve towards integration and intelligence in response to the trend of intelligent driving, such as optimizing the sliding structure to reduce residue.
Installation Location: As an important part of the vehicle's safety system, the front windshield wiper assembly is usually independent of the rear windshield wiper system. The driver can control its operation status independently as needed.
When the front windshield wiper assembly of a car malfunctions, it may involve multiple components, such as wiper blades, motors, connecting rods, or fuses. Here are some common causes of failure and corresponding solutions for reference:
Common Fault Causes and Troubleshooting Steps
Wiper Blade Aging or Damage: If the wiper blade becomes hardened, cracked, or fails to wipe cleanly, it usually requires replacement. This is the most common fault, and the replacement is relatively simple.
Motor Failure: If the wiper does not work at all, it may be due to a burned-out motor. You can use a multimeter to detect the motor voltage. If the voltage is normal but the motor does not respond, it may be necessary to replace the motor assembly.
Connecting Rod Mechanism Issues: If the wiper arm is stuck or moves on one side, it may be due to a dislocation or fracture of the connecting rod. Check the connection status of the connecting rod and replace the connecting rod assembly if necessary.
Fuse Blown: If the wiper does not work, first check the dedicated fuse for the wiper in the vehicle's fuse box (usually 10A-15A). If it is blown, replace it with a fuse of the same specification.
Switch or Wiring Fault: If the wiper cannot start or operates abnormally, it may be due to a faulty direction light combination switch or poor contact in the wiring, requiring professional inspection.
Maintenance Suggestions
For simple issues (such as wiper blade replacement or fuse replacement), the owner can handle them themselves, but be careful of safety during operation to avoid damaging the windshield.
If it involves complex problems such as motors, connecting rods, or circuits, it is recommended to send it to a professional repair shop for inspection to avoid more damage from self-operation.
During daily maintenance, avoid dry scraping of the wiper and clean the windshield regularly to extend its service life.
When spots appear on the windshield wiper assembly (wiper), it is not that the wiper itself "developed" spots, but rather that the windshield leaves stains, stripes, or oil film traces that cannot be removed after being scraped by the wiper. This is mainly related to wiper aging and windshield surface contamination.
Here are the systematic solutions for this problem:
Check and Clean the Wiper Blade Rubber Strip
The aging, hardening, or contamination of the wiper blade rubber strip is the most common cause of poor wiping and leaving spots.
Cleaning Method: Use a damp towel or soft cloth dipped in a small amount of glass water or neutral detergent to gently wipe along the length of the wiper rubber strip to remove surface dirt. Avoid using alcohol or strong solvents as they can accelerate rubber aging.
Check the Condition: Observe whether the rubber strip has cracks, defects, or deformation. If the rubber strip has hardened or the edges are curled, even if cleaned, the effect will be limited. It is recommended to replace it directly.
Remove Oil Film and Stubborn Spots from the Windshield
Oil films, resin, or industrial contaminants on the glass surface can cause rainbow-like marks or blurry spots after the wiper blade scrapes the windshield.
Use Special Glass Oil Removal Agent: This is the most effective method. Spray the degreasing agent onto the glass and wipe it with a microfiber cloth. This will completely dissolve the oily residues.
Home alternative method: You can use toothpaste (non-gel type) or white vinegar. Apply a small amount of toothpaste to the spots, gently wipe with a damp sponge in circular motions, and then rinse with clean water. Mix white vinegar and water in a 1:1 ratio and spray it, then wipe after standing for a few minutes. It is effective for scale and minor oxidation spots.
Avoid incorrect methods: Do not wipe with a dry cloth, paper towel, or rough cloth to avoid scratching the glass.
Replace the wiper
The wiper rubber strip is a wear-prone part, with a lifespan typically ranging from 6 to 12 months. If the problem does not improve after cleaning or if there is abnormal noise, vibration, or streaks, it indicates that the rubber strip has severely aged. Replacing it is the only long-term solution.
It is recommended to choose original factory or well-known brand wiper strips to ensure a high degree of fit with the windshield.
When replacing, you can either replace only the rubber strip (lower cost) or replace the entire wiper (more convenient).
Professional treatment
If the above methods are ineffective, or if there are minor scratches or oxidation spots on the glass surface (the glass itself is corroded), it is recommended to go to a professional car beauty shop or repair station.
Professional institutions can use a glass polishing machine and special polishing agents to perform micro-grinding on the glass surface to restore transparency.
If the spots are deep corrosion or the glass is severely aged, it may be necessary to replace the front windshield.
Summary of treatment process:
First, clean the wiper rubber strip.
Then, clean the windshield with the degreasing agent.
If the problem persists, replace the wiper.
Finally, consider professional glass polishing.
Regular cleaning of the wiper and windshield can effectively prevent the formation of spots and ensure clear vision during rainy days.
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