What is the function of the airbag spring?
The airbag spring is used to connect the main airbag (the one on the steering wheel) with the airbag wiring harness. It is essentially a piece of wiring harness. Its function is to be highly effective in protecting the safety of passengers in the event of an impact in the car.
When the car experiences an impact, the safety airbag system is highly effective in protecting the safety of passengers.
The safety airbag system is generally a single airbag system for the steering wheel or a dual airbag system. Vehicles equipped with a dual airbag and seat belt pre-tensioner system will have both airbags and seat belt pre-tensioners act simultaneously in the event of an impact, regardless of the speed. This causes waste of the airbag in low-speed impacts, increasing the maintenance costs significantly.
The dual airbag system with two actions can automatically select to use the seat belt pre-tensioner alone, or both the seat belt pre-tensioner and the dual airbags at the same time when the car experiences an impact. Thus, in low-speed impacts, the system can use the seat belt alone to adequately protect the safety of passengers, without wasting the airbag. If the car experiences an impact at a speed greater than 30 km/h, the seat belt and airbag will act simultaneously to protect the safety of passengers. When a car experiences a frontal collision, the safety airbag control system detects the impact force (deceleration).
When the safety airbag computer detects that the impact force exceeds the set value, it immediately connects the electric detonator circuit in the inflation component and ignites the ignition medium inside the electric detonator. The flame ignites the ignition powder and gas generating agent, generating a large amount of gas, which inflates the airbag within 0.03 seconds, causing the airbag to rapidly expand and burst through the decorative cover on the steering wheel and push the driver and passengers, causing their heads and chests to be pressed against the filled airbag to cushion the impact. Then, the gas in the airbag is released.
The airbag can distribute the impact force evenly to the head and chest, preventing the fragile passenger body from directly colliding with the vehicle body, significantly reducing the possibility of injury. The safety airbag is indeed effective in protecting passengers in frontal impacts. Even if the seat belt is not fastened, the anti-collision safety airbag is still sufficient to effectively reduce the injury. According to statistics, when a car experiences a frontal collision, the safety airbag can reduce the degree of injury to passengers by up to 64%, and even 80% of the passengers do not wear seat belts. As for impacts from the side and the rear seat, the function of the seat belt still depends on its functionality.
In addition, the volume of the airbag explosion is approximately 130 decibels, within the range that the human body can tolerate; 78% of the gas in the airbag is nitrogen, which is stable and non-toxic, and harmless to the human body; the powder expelled during the explosion is the lubricating powder that keeps the airbag from sticking together in the folded state, and is also harmless to the human body.
Everything has two sides. The safety airbag also has its unsafe side. According to calculations, if a car is traveling at 60 km/h and suddenly collides, the vehicle will stop within 0.2 seconds, while the airbag will eject at approximately 300 km/h, and the impact force generated is about 180 kilograms, which is difficult for the more vulnerable parts of the human body such as the head and neck to bear. Therefore, if the angle and force of the airbag ejection are slightly off, it may lead to a "tragedy".
During driving, three sensors continuously input information about speed changes into the electronic controller, which continuously calculates, analyzes, compares, and judges, and is ready to issue instructions at any time. When the vehicle is in a collision at a speed less than 30 km/h, the front sensor and its connected safety sensor simultaneously input the collision signal to the electronic controller and issue an instruction to detonate the seat belt pre-tensioner electric detonator, while the central sensor's signal cannot cause the electronic controller to issue an instruction to detonate the airbag electric detonator. Therefore, in low-speed (with a smaller deceleration) collisions, as long as the pre-tensioner pulls the seat belt backward, it is sufficient to protect the passengers from colliding forward.
In high-speed (with a larger deceleration) collisions, the front sensors and the central sensors simultaneously input collision signals to the electronic controller. The electronic controller quickly makes a judgment and issues an instruction, simultaneously detonating the left and right pre-tensioners and the electric detonators of the dual airbags. While the seat belt is pulled backward, the two airbags open simultaneously, absorbing the collision energy generated by the large deceleration of the passengers, effectively protecting their safety.
When the car collides with a fixed object in front, the faster the car's speed, the greater the deceleration, and the greater the force received by the sensors. If the preset force of the front sensors and the central sensors is divided into upper and lower limits, that is, the preset collision speed of the front sensors is below the lower limit value of 30 km/h, and the corresponding safety sensor preset value is also the lower limit value, then in the case of a low-speed collision, the electronic controller only activates the seat belt pre-tensioner. The preset value of the central sensor is the upper limit, then in a high-speed collision, the front sensors, central sensors and safety sensors simultaneously output collision signals to the electronic controller, and the electronic controller detonates all the electric detonators, causing the seat belts to tighten and the airbags to open.
From the occurrence of the collision, the sensors sending out signals to the controller to the moment of judgment and detonation of the electric detonators, it takes approximately 10 ms. After detonation, the gas generator produces a large amount of nitrogen gas, rapidly inflating the airbag. From the occurrence of the collision to the formation of the airbag, and then to the tightening of the seat belt, the entire process takes 30-35 ms. Therefore, the protective effect of the airbag system is very good.
After the airbag is detonated, due to the large amount of gas flowing into the airbag, the pressure of the airbag increases, which is not conducive to absorbing the collision energy. Therefore, behind the airbag, there are two gas discharge holes for pressure relief, which is beneficial for protecting the safety of the passengers.
As an auxiliary configuration for vehicle passive safety, it is increasingly receiving people's attention. When the car collides with an obstacle, it is called a single collision, and the occupants collide with the interior components, called a secondary collision. After the single collision, the airbag quickly opens a gas-filled cushion, allowing the occupants to "rest on the cushion" due to inertia, thereby alleviating the impact on the occupants and absorbing the collision energy, reducing the degree of injury to the occupants.
Safety airbags have developed rapidly, with prices significantly decreasing. Cars equipped with airbags have also shifted from mid-to-high-end cars to mid-to-low-end cars. At the same time, some cars have installed passenger safety airbags (i.e., double safety airbag specifications), which are similar to the driver's safety airbag, only with a larger volume and more gas required. Since the 1990s, the safety performance of safety airbags has been widely accepted and regarded as a modern and high-end safety device. Understanding the working principle and precautions of safety airbags is very important for us to better protect ourselves, but for drivers, safe driving is the top priority, which no advanced safety device can replace.
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