What is the function of the front bumper of a car
Bumpers serve functions such as safety protection, vehicle decoration, and improvement of the vehicle's aerodynamic characteristics. From a safety perspective, when a car is involved in a low-speed collision accident, it can act as a buffer to protect the front and rear vehicle bodies. It can play a certain role in protecting pedestrians when an accident occurs with them. From the perspective of appearance, it is decorative and has become an important component for decorating the exterior of a car. At the same time, car bumpers also have a certain aerodynamic effect.
At the same time, in order to reduce the harm to passengers in the event of a side collision, car doors are usually equipped with door bumpers to enhance the anti-collision impact force of the doors. This method is practical and simple, causing little change to the vehicle body structure, and has been widely promoted and used. As early as the 1993 Shenzhen International Auto Show, the Honda Accord on display had a part of its door cut open to specifically expose the door bumper to the audience, demonstrating its excellent safety performance.
Installing door bumpers involves placing several high-strength steel beams horizontally or diagonally within each door panel, serving as the front and rear bumpers of the vehicle. This ensures that the entire car is protected by bumpers at the front, back, left and right, forming an "impregnable wall" and providing the occupants with the maximum safety zone. Of course, installing such door bumpers will undoubtedly increase some costs for car manufacturers, but for the occupants of the car, it will greatly enhance safety and a sense of security.
The repair or replacement plan for the front bumper failure should be selected based on the specific degree of damage:
Repair plan
If the bumper only shows minor cracks or depressions, it can be reinforced with a hot melt gun and repaired with special clips. The appearance can be restored through back reinforcement and surface painting. This method is suitable for situations where there is no structural damage and driving safety is not affected.
Change the plan
When the bumper shows signs of breakage, severe deformation or internal structural damage (such as complete breakage of the snap fastener, uneven gaps between the headlights, etc.), it is recommended to replace it with original factory or brand parts. If internal sensors or circuits are damaged, they must be replaced to ensure driving safety.
Decision-making suggestions
Youdaoplaceholder0 Assess the extent of damage : Observe whether the edges of the bumper are aligned, and whether there are burrs or paint marks. If the edges are misaligned or the gaps are uneven, there may be structural damage.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Check for internal hazards : After a rear-end collision or severe impact, inspect the frame, sensors and circuits to avoid missing any hidden damage.
The working principle of a car's front bumper mainly consists of two core stages:
Energy absorption mechanism
At the initial stage of a collision, the bumper absorbs approximately 30% of the impact energy through its own deformation and the elastic deformation of the plastic material, while simultaneously transmitting the impact force to the vehicle frame. Subsequently, the built-in hydraulic buffer device is activated, absorbing 45% of the energy through nitrogen compression energy storage, while the remaining 25% of the energy is further consumed through the plastic deformation of the metal crossbeam.
Structural and functional differentiation
Modern bumper systems consist of three layers of protective structures:
Youdaoplaceholder0 Exterior layer : Made of plastic or resin materials, it reduces maintenance costs through deformation and is suitable for low-speed collisions (such as parking scratches)
Youdaoplaceholder0 Buffer layer : The hydraulic buffer device achieves the absorption of medium and high-speed collision energy through nitrogen compression energy storage
Youdaoplaceholder0 Support layer : A metal anti-collision beam (such as steel/aluminum alloy material) hidden inside the bumper, providing rigid protection during high-speed impact
This system can handle low-speed collisions below 8km/h without the need to replace components, and it disperses the impact force through multi-level protection to ensure the safety of occupants.
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