What is the automotive steering gear assembly
The steering gear assembly, also known as the steering gear, is also called the steering gear or steering gear. It is the most important component in the automotive steering system. Its function is to increase the force transmitted from the steering wheel to the steering transmission mechanism and change the direction of force transmission.
The steering gear is an important assembly in the steering system, and its functions mainly fall into three aspects. One is to increase the torque from the steering wheel to be large enough to overcome the steering resistance moment between the steering wheel and the road surface; The second is to reduce the rotational speed of the steering drive shaft and make the steering rocker arm shaft rotate, driving the rocker arm to swing and obtain the required displacement at its end, or to convert the rotation of the driving gear connected to the steering drive shaft into the linear motion of the rack and pinion to obtain the required displacement. Thirdly, by selecting the helical directions of the threads on different screw rods, the purpose of making the rotation direction of the steering wheel consistent with that of the steering wheel is achieved.
The rack and pinion type works in synergy with hydraulic/electric assistance
The working principle of the steering gear assembly (steering gear) can be divided into two core links: mechanical transmission and power assistance.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Core principle:
The rotational motion of the steering wheel is converted into the lateral motion of the wheels through a rack and pinion or circulating ball mechanism, and the steering operation force of the driver is reduced with the assistance of hydraulic or electric power.
Specific working process
Youdaoplaceholder0 Mechanical transmission part
Youdaoplaceholder0 Rack and pinion type (mainstream design) :
The steering wheel turns → the steering shaft drives the pinion to rotate → the meshing rack moves laterally → the steering knuckle is pushed by the steering tie rod → the wheel deflects.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Circulating ball type (mostly used in commercial vehicles) :
The steering wheel drives the worm to rotate → the steel ball rolls in the threaded track → it pushes the ball nut to move axially → the gear fan shaft drives the steering tie rod.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Assist system
Youdaoplaceholder0 Hydraulic assist :
The engine drives the hydraulic pump to generate oil pressure
The control valve switches the oil circuit according to the direction of the steering wheel, delivering high-pressure oil to the corresponding chamber to push the piston for assistance
When turning to the right, high-pressure oil enters the right chamber, and the piston pushes the rack to move to the right
Youdaoplaceholder0 Electric power assist (EPS) :
The sensor detects the torque and rotation Angle of the steering wheel → the ECU controls the motor to output auxiliary force
The motor acts directly on the steering shaft or gear through the reduction mechanism
Youdaoplaceholder0 Electric-hydraulic power assist (EHPS) :
Combining the features of the first two, the electric motor drives the hydraulic pump to provide pressure, taking into account both energy conservation and stability.
Key design features
Youdaoplaceholder0 Failure protection : The basic steering function can still be maintained through mechanical transmission after the hydraulic system loses pressure
Youdaoplaceholder0 Energy-saving advantage : The electric power steering system only consumes energy during steering, saving about 3-5% more fuel than the hydraulic power steering system
Youdaoplaceholder0 Control accuracy : Electric power steering enables intelligent functions such as variable steering ratio and lane keeping
Youdaoplaceholder0 Typical working condition :
When the steering wheel is stationary (driving in a straight line), the unloading oil circuit of the hydraulic system is connected to assist in stopping. The electric system is completely powered off and in standby mode.
Steering gear assembly failure refers to a malfunction in the steering gear system of a motor vehicle that causes various abnormal behaviors while the vehicle is in motion. The steering gear assembly is an important component of the automotive steering system, responsible for controlling the vehicle's driving direction. When the steering gear assembly malfunctions, the vehicle will exhibit the following main symptoms:
Youdaoplaceholder0 Vehicle veers off course : When the tire pressure is normal and the road is flat, the vehicle still deviates from the intended route. This is usually due to a problem with the steering gear or steering system .
Youdaoplaceholder0 Abnormal noise when turning or steering in place : If you make a "thump thump" sound when turning or steering in place, it is usually caused by a steering gear or tire failure .
Youdaoplaceholder0 Difficulty in returning the steering wheel : The steering wheel is returning too slowly or does not return automatically, which usually means the steering gear is damaged .
Youdaoplaceholder0 Difficulty in steering wheel operation : Greater force needs to be applied when turning the steering wheel, especially at low speeds or when parking .
Youdaoplaceholder0 Abnormal shaking of the steering wheel : Abnormal shaking of the steering wheel during driving may be due to wear or looseness of parts inside the steering gear .
Youdaoplaceholder0 Uneven feeling on both sides of the steering wheel : When turning the steering wheel, one side feels light while the other feels heavy. This might be due to a problem with the steering gear .
Youdaoplaceholder0 Steering gear leakage : Steering gear leakage is a relatively observable symptom, usually caused by aging of the sealing ring or oil pipe .
The cause of the fault and the solution
The main causes of faults in the steering gear assembly include aging, damage or improper installation of seals, wear or loosening of mechanical components, etc. The methods to solve these problems include:
Youdaoplaceholder0 Replace seals : For oil leakage issues, check and replace the seals to ensure they are properly installed .
Youdaoplaceholder0 Tighten loose parts : Check and tighten the connections between the steering wheel and the steering column, the ten-byte and the steering column, and the ten-byte and the steering gear to ensure they are securely fastened .
Youdaoplaceholder0 Replace worn parts : For severely worn parts such as the tie rods, steering knuckles and bearings, should be replaced in time.
preventive measure
Regular inspection and maintenance of the steering gear assembly can effectively prevent faults and extend its service life. It is recommended to regularly inspect the wear of seals, oil pipe joints and mechanical parts, and carry out maintenance and replacement in a timely manner. In addition, avoiding long drives in bad road conditions also helps to reduce wear and tear and damage to the steering gear assembly .
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