What is a car steering gear
The automotive steering gear (scientific name: steering gear) is the core component of the vehicle 's steering system, which helps the driver achieve easy steering operation through the assist device.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Core Functions and definitions
As the core component of the steering system, the automotive steering gear mainly undertakes two key functions:
Youdaoplaceholder0 Torque amplification : The steering torque input from the steering wheel is amplified through a mechanical or hydraulic system to reduce the driver's operational intensity.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Direction conversion : Convert rotational motion into lateral movement of the wheels to achieve vehicle steering.
The structure consists of
A typical steering gear consists of the following core components:
Youdaoplaceholder0 steering gear mechanism (rack and pinion or worm gear).
Youdaoplaceholder0 assist system (electric/hydraulic assist component).
Youdaoplaceholder0 transmission mechanism (connecting components such as tie rods and ball heads).
The main type of is
According to the mode of assistance, it can be divided into three categories:
Rack and pinion hydraulic power steering - provides auxiliary force through a hydraulic pump.
Electric motor power steering - relying on direct power output from the motor.
Electric-hydraulic hybrid power steering - integrating the advantages of electronic control and hydraulics.
The core function of the automotive steering gear (steering gear) is to transmit and amplify the steering torque and steering Angle of the steering wheel through mechanical or power-assisted means, driving the wheels to deflect to achieve vehicle steering control .
Youdaoplaceholder0 Core Functions and Working principle
Youdaoplaceholder0 torque conversion and amplification :
Through mechanical structures such as rack and pinion and circulating balls, the steering wheel torque applied by the driver is amplified and decelerated for output, reducing the operational intensity.
For example, the rack and pinion type steering gear drives the rack to move laterally through the rotation of the gear, directly driving the steering tie rod.
Youdaoplaceholder0 directional control transfer :
Convert the rotational movement of the steering wheel into the deflection movement of the wheels to ensure that the vehicle turns as the driver intends.
Mechanical steering systems rely entirely on mechanical transmission, while modern electric/hydraulic power steering systems reduce operating force through auxiliary power.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Type and characteristics
Youdaoplaceholder0 mechanical steering gear :
Rack and pinion type: Compact structure and high efficiency, mostly used in cars.
Circulating ball type: Rolling friction design, transmission efficiency reaches 90%-95%, suitable for heavy-duty vehicles.
Youdaoplaceholder0 power steering system :
Electronic hydraulic or electric power-assisted systems are gradually replacing pure mechanical structures, offering advantages such as energy conservation and convenient maintenance.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Key performance requirements
Youdaoplaceholder0 Transmission efficiency : The mechanical type can reach up to 95% at most, which directly affects the lightness of steering.
Youdaoplaceholder0 reliability : As a safety-critical component, it is necessary to ensure gapless meshing and long-term durability.
The damage of a car's steering gear is mainly manifested as abnormal steering, unusual noises and driving deviation, etc. It is necessary to repair or replace it in time to ensure driving safety.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Core symptom judgment
Typical manifestations of a damaged steering gear include:
Youdaoplaceholder0 Heavy steering : When the power steering fails, the steering wheel is difficult to turn, and even uneven weight on the left and right sides may occur.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Abnormal noise is obvious : a "clunk" mechanical friction sound or a continuous "buzzing" abnormal noise is emitted when turning;
Youdaoplaceholder0 Direction deviation : When driving in a straight line, the vehicle automatically deviates to one side and requires frequent direction correction.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Abnormal return : The steering wheel fails to automatically return to its original position after rotation or the return positioning is inaccurate.
Youdaoplaceholder0 processing methods and priorities
Take different measures according to the degree of damage:
Youdaoplaceholder0 repairable condition (professional maintenance is preferred) :
Replace the aged sealing rings and oil pipes to solve the oil leakage problem.
Adjust the limit valve or repair the leakage of the high-pressure chamber seal.
Youdaoplaceholder0 must be replaced :
Mechanical faults such as severe wear of internal gears/bearings and damage to the power steering pump.
System failure is caused by faults in the electronic control unit (ECU) or sensors.
Analysis of the cause of the fault
The main causes of damage include:
Youdaoplaceholder0 Mechanical loss : Gear wear, hydraulic system leakage, etc. account for 57% of the fault cases;
Youdaoplaceholder0 Environmental impact : wading through water causes water to enter the steering gear and cause a short circuit (such as the design defect case of the Xpeng P7+);
Improper use of : behaviors such as turning the steering wheel to the extreme for a long time and turning in place accelerate the aging of components. If you want to know more, keep reading the other articles on this site!
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